中文导游词（商务团专用）

各位尊敬的商务考察团嘉宾，大家好！欢迎来到世界文化遗产 —— 红河哈尼梯田文化景观。今天我们将沿着千年农耕文明的发展脉络，一同探访这片大地雕刻的艺术杰作，感受哈尼族世代传承的生存智慧与文化底蕴。接下来的行程将严格按照「景区概况 — 哈尼族文化 — 坝达梯田 — 多依树梯田 — 阿者科村 — 老虎嘴梯田」的顺序，为大家逐一讲解。

一、景区概况

红河哈尼梯田文化景观遗产区面积 16603 公顷，缓冲区面积 29501 公顷，包括了最具代表性的集中连片分布的水稻梯田及其所依存的水源林、灌溉系统、民族村寨。梯田集中连片的核心区主要有坝达、多依树、老虎嘴 3 个景区，涉及元阳县 1 镇 2 乡、18 个行政村、82 个自然村。2013 年 6 月 22 日，它在第 37 届世界遗产大会上被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》，成为我国首个以民族名称命名、以农耕稻作为主题的世界文化景观遗产。

这片梯田绝非单纯的农业景观，而是一套完整的「森林 — 村寨 — 梯田 — 水系」四素同构的生态循环系统：山顶的原生森林涵养水源，山腰的传统村寨安居生活，缓坡的连片梯田耕种稻作，纵横的沟渠串联全域供水，完美实现了人与自然的可持续共生，也是全球山地农业生态治理的经典范例。

二、哈尼族文化

哈尼族是梯田文明的核心创造者。这支古老民族源于古代西北羌人族群，历经数次南迁最终定居于红河两岸的哀牢山区。面对崎岖闭塞的山地环境，哈尼人没有选择开山毁林的粗放发展，而是以代代相传的生存智慧，顺着山势等高修田、逐层造地，把荒山野岭改造成了万顷良田。

支撑梯田运转千年的，是哈尼族内化于生活的文化制度：独创的木刻分水制度，以刻槽的原木精准分配各村各户的灌溉用水，规则公平、执行有序，沿用至今；传统民居蘑菇房以土石为基、茅草为顶，形如蘑菇，冬暖夏凉，完美适配山区多雨潮湿的气候；节庆上，每年农历十月的「十月年」是哈尼族新年，家家户户摆出自家佳肴连成「长街宴」，共庆丰收、联结社群。此外，哈尼古歌、农耕祭祀等口传文化全部围绕梯田生息展开，让这片景观既有大地艺术的形，更有民族文化的魂。

三、坝达梯田

现在我们抵达的是坝达梯田片区。「坝达」在哈尼语中意为「宽阔的坝子」，这片梯田是元阳梯田中面积最大、层级最多的核心片区之一。坝达景区位于红河哈尼族彝族自治州元阳县新街镇大坪公路元阳梯田景区内，是集梯田景观、哈尼族文化和生态农业于一体的复合型景区。该景区以总面积达 14000 余亩的梯田群著称，垂直落差达 1200 米，形成 3700 多级 “坡海” 立体景观。

每到傍晚，夕阳的金光洒落在灌满水的层层梯田上，水面从金黄渐变到橘红，田埂的线条顺着山势蜿蜒起伏，如同给大地镀上了一层流动的金边。站在这里，各位既能感受山地农耕的宏大格局，也能体会哈尼人顺应自然、久久为功的发展智慧。

四、多依树梯田

接下来我们前往多依树梯田片区。多依树梯田景区位于元阳哈尼梯田世界文化遗产核心区，是元阳哈尼梯田这一集世界文化遗产、全球重要农业文化遗产、世界灌溉工程遗产于一身的 “三遗产” 农耕文明典范的核心片区之一，距老县城（新街镇）23 千米，地处海拔 1900 米。有 650 公顷梯田分布在多依树、爱春、大瓦遮等状如海湾的 25° 至 50° 山坡，该片区属大瓦遮河流域，以连片面积巨大、气象万千而著称。

多依树观景台是拍摄云海梯田日出的热门地点，每年 11 月至次年 4 月梯田蓄水期为最佳观赏期。景区包含多依树、爱春、大瓦遮等哈尼族、彝族村寨，展示了云海、梯田、山寨的奇丽风光。2021 年 4 月，景区内的普高老寨村被评选为云南省旅游名村。

多依树梯田的美，美在清晨的云雾与光影变幻。日出时分，山间云海缓缓涌动，半掩着层层梯田与座座村寨；阳光穿透云层洒在水面上，金光点点、忽明忽暗，整幅画面宛如流动的水墨丹青。片区周边环绕着多依树、爱春、大瓦遮等五个哈尼族村寨，村民们至今保持着日出而作、日落而息的传统农耕节奏，人文生活与自然景观深度融合，让多依树成为了活态的文化景观样本。

五、阿者科村

游览完连片梯田，我们走进藏在梯田深处的阿者科村。「阿者科」在哈尼语中意为「滑竹成片的地方」，这是国内保存最完整的哈尼族传统古村落之一，始建于清代咸丰年间，至今已有约 170 年历史。全村建筑都是典型的蘑菇房，依山而建、错落有致，完整保留了哈尼族原生的村落格局。

近年来，阿者科村以「阿者科计划」探索出了一条文化保护与乡村振兴协同的可持续发展路径：不搞大拆大建，保留原生村落风貌，通过发展生态旅游让村民直接受益，既守护了哈尼文化的根脉，也实现了传统村落的活化发展。各位嘉宾可以走进村民家中，体验原生态的哈尼生活，了解乡村可持续发展的创新实践。

六、老虎嘴梯田

最后我们来到老虎嘴梯田片区，这是哈尼梯田中地势最险峻、形态最震撼的核心片区。因俯瞰梯田时，险峻的山体轮廓如同一只张开巨口的猛虎，因此得名「老虎嘴」。

老虎嘴梯田位于云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州元阳县境内，是元阳哈尼梯田核心景区之一。该梯田分布于深谷间，状如花蕊，总面积达 3000 多亩。其地势险峻，海拔落差最高达 2000 米，梯田级数达 3000 余级，形成直落河谷的立体景观。1300 多年前，哈尼族先民陆续迁居至此，因地制宜开垦出这一兼具农业生产与生态智慧的梯田系统。梯田在冬春灌水期呈现流光溢彩的视觉效果，尤以日落时分的橘红色调闻名，被列为拍摄梯田日落的最佳地点。

各位嘉宾，今天的红河哈尼梯田文化景观考察之旅到这里就告一段落了。这片梯田既是农耕文明的活化石，也是可持续发展的中国样本，希望今天的探访能给各位带来启发与收获。感谢大家的聆听，祝各位后续的行程一切顺利！

English Tour Commentary: Honghe Hani Rice Terraces (For Business Delegations)

Distinguished guests, welcome to the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Cultural Landscape — a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today we embark on a journey through 1,300 years of agricultural civilization, exploring this masterpiece carved by generations of local people in harmony with nature, and experiencing the enduring wisdom and cultural richness of the Hani people. Our itinerary will take us through six key sections: overview of the heritage area, Hani ethnic culture, Bada Terraces, Duoyishu Terraces, Azheke Village, and Laohuzui (Tiger’s Mouth) Terraces.

I. Overview of the Heritage Area

The Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Cultural Landscape comprises a heritage zone of 16,603 hectares and a buffer zone of 29,501 hectares. This landscape encompasses the most representative clusters of irrigated rice terraces, together with their supporting water-source forests, irrigation systems, and ethnic villages. The core terraced regions are concentrated in three scenic areas — Bada, Duoyishu, and Tiger’s Mouth — covering 18 administrative villages and 82 natural villages across one town and two townships in Yuanyang County.

On June 22, 2013, this landscape was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List — a landmark recognition as China’s first World Cultural Landscape Heritage named after an ethnic group and centered on rice-cultivation civilization.

These terraces are far more than an agricultural landscape. They form an integrated ecological system of four interconnected elements: forest–village–terrace–water. Primary forests at higher elevations conserve water sources; traditional villages nestle on the mountainsides for habitation; contiguous rice terraces cover the slopes; and an intricate network of canals distributes irrigation water throughout the region. This harmonious system represents perfect sustainable coexistence between humans and nature — and serves as a global model for ecological management in mountain agriculture.

II. Hani Ethnic Culture

The Hani people are the principal architects of this terrace civilization. Descended from ancient Qiang ethnic groups in northwest China, they undertook several southward migrations before finally settling in the Ailao Mountains along both banks of the Honghe River. Rather than exploit the landscape through destructive logging and land clearing, the Hani applied generations of accumulated wisdom — building terraces that follow natural contours, layer by layer, transforming barren slopes into vast fertile fields.

What has sustained this system for over a thousand years is a cultural framework woven into daily life.

Water Allocation System

The ingeniously designed wooden-notch water distribution system uses carved logs to precisely allocate irrigation water to each village and household. With rules well established and strictly upheld, this system remains in operation today — a testament to equitable resource management across centuries.

Traditional Architecture

Hani “mushroom houses” feature stone-and-earth foundations with thatched roofs. Warm in winter and cool in summer, they are perfectly adapted to the region’s rainy, humid climate and steep terrain.

Festival Traditions

The October Festival marks the Hani New Year each lunar year. Families prepare home-cooked dishes and arrange them along village streets to form the “Long Street Banquet” — a celebration that simultaneously honors the harvest, strengthens community bonds, and transmits cultural values.

Oral Heritage

Ancient Hani ballads, farming rituals, and oral traditions all revolve around terrace life, ensuring that this landscape possesses not only physical beauty but also cultural meaning — the soul of an ethnic civilization.

III. Bada Terraces

We now arrive at Bada, whose name means “wide flat land” in the Hani language. This is the largest and most elaborately terraced section of the Yuanyang terraces. Located within the Yuanyang Terraces scenic area along Daping Road in Xinjie Town, Bada is a composite scenic zone that integrates terrace landscapes, Hani culture, and ecological agriculture.

Bada is renowned for its vast 14,000-plus mu (approximately 933 hectares) of terraced fields, with a vertical elevation difference of 1,200 meters, forming over 3,700 layers of dramatic cascading slopes — an awe-inspiring three-dimensional landscape.

The Sunset Spectacle

As evening approaches, golden sunlight cascades across the water-filled terraces. The water surface transforms from golden yellow to tangerine orange, while the ridge lines undulate along the mountainsides like brushstrokes — as if the earth itself has been gilded with flowing golden light. Standing here, you experience both the grand scale of mountain farming and the Hani ethos of adapting to nature through patient, long-term development.

IV. Duoyishu Terraces

Next we proceed to Duoyishu, located at the heart of the Yuanyang Hani Terraces World Heritage core zone. This area is one of the core sections of a unique “triple-heritage” agricultural civilization model that holds UNESCO World Heritage status, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) recognition, and World Heritage Irrigation Structure (WHIS) designation simultaneously.

Situated 23 kilometers from the former county seat (Xinjie Town) at an elevation of 1,900 meters, Duoyishu features 650 hectares of terraced fields distributed across 25°–50° slopes that resemble coastal bays. Fed by the Dawazhe River watershed, the area is renowned for its vast contiguous expanses and ever-changing atmospheric effects.

The Cloud-Sea Sunrise

The Duoyishu viewing platform is a premier location for photographing cloud-shrouded terraces at sunrise. The optimal viewing season runs from November through April during the terrace-filling period. At dawn, sea-like clouds rise slowly through the mountains, half-veiling the layered terraces and scattered villages; sunlight penetrates the clouds and scatters across the water surface in flickering golden points — the entire scene resembling a flowing ink-wash landscape painting.

Living Cultural Landscape

The region encompasses five Hani and Yi villages — including Duoyishu, Aichun, and Dawazhe — where residents maintain the traditional rhythm of working at sunrise and resting at sunset. Human life and natural landscape are deeply integrated, making Duoyishu a living example of cultural landscape heritage. In April 2021, Pugao Old Village within the scenic area was recognized as one of Yunnan Province’s famous tourism villages.

V. Azheke Village

Deeper into the terraced valleys lies Azheke Village, whose name means “place of dense bamboo thickets” in Hani. This is one of China’s best-preserved traditional Hani settlements, established during the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty, with approximately 170 years of continuous habitation. The entire village consists of characteristic mushroom-shaped houses built along the mountainside in a picturesque, naturally scattered layout that fully preserves the original Hani village pattern.

Sustainable Development in Practice

In recent years, Azheke has pioneered the “Azheke Plan” — a sustainable development path that integrates cultural preservation with rural revitalization. Rather than pursue large-scale demolition and reconstruction, the village preserves its original vernacular character while enabling villagers to benefit directly from eco-tourism. This approach simultaneously safeguards the roots of Hani culture and achieves the vital revitalization of a traditional settlement. You are invited to visit local families, experience authentic Hani life firsthand, and witness innovative practices in sustainable rural development.

VI. Laohuzui (Tiger’s Mouth) Terraces

Our final destination is Laohuzui (Tiger’s Mouth) Terraces, located in Yuanyang County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture. This is one of the most precipitous and visually dramatic core scenic areas of the Hani Terraces. The name derives from its striking topography: when viewed from above, the steep mountainside outline resembles a tiger with its mouth wide open.

Situated in deep valleys and resembling flower stamens, Tiger’s Mouth encompasses over 3,000 mu (approximately 200 hectares) of terraced fields. With a maximum elevation difference of 2,000 meters and terrace levels reaching over 3,000, the landscape forms a dramatic vertical composition plunging toward the river valley.

Historical Significance

Over 1,300 years ago, Hani ancestors migrated to this area in successive waves and developed this extraordinary terrace system — one that uniquely combines agricultural productivity with ecological wisdom.

Seasonal Beauty

During the winter and spring filling season, the terraces shimmer with flowing light and vibrant colors. The area is especially celebrated for the magnificent tangerine-orange tones at sunset, making Tiger’s Mouth one of the premier locations for photographing terrace sunsets.

Standing here and reflecting on our entire journey, a profound truth emerges: these thousand-year-old terraces were never the work of a single generation. They represent the sustained creation, perseverance, and wisdom of an entire people across countless generations.

Closing Remarks

Distinguished guests, our inspection tour of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Cultural Landscape concludes here. These terraces are not only a living archive of agricultural civilization but also a Chinese model of sustainable development for the modern world. We hope today’s visit has provided you with inspiration and valuable insights. Thank you for your attention. We wish you all the best for the remainder of your journey.



Key Statistics at a Glance

• Heritage Zone: 16,603 hectares | Buffer Zone: 29,501 hectares

• Core Scenic Areas: 3 (Bada, Duoyishu, Laohuzui)

• Elevation Range: approximately 800–2,000 meters

• Maximum Terrace Levels: 3,700+ (Bada Terraces)

• Bada Total Area: 14,000+ mu (≈933 hectares) | Vertical Drop: 1,200 meters

• Duoyishu Area: 650 hectares | Elevation: 1,900 meters

• Tiger’s Mouth Area: 3,000+ mu (≈200 hectares) | Maximum Elevation Drop: 2,000 meters

• Administrative Coverage: 18 administrative villages, 82 natural villages

• UNESCO Inscription: June 22, 2013 (37th World Heritage Committee Session)

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